Femoral 1.

1. Is it true that one of the deep inguinal lymph nodes lie in the femoral canal, and could you name it? True/False C1,C2,C3

2.The lacunar ligament is found lateral to the femoral vein? True/False C1,C2,C3

3.The femoral artery lies lateral to the femoral nerve. True/False C1,C2,C3.

5. Do you agree with the suggestion that the anterior wall of the femoral sheath is formed from fascia transversalis? True/False C1,C2,C3.

6. Does the most medial compartment of the femoral sheath contain the femoral vein? True/False C1,C2,C3.

7. Is the medial boundary of the femoral ring formed by the pectineal ligament and the superior ramus of the pubis? True/False C1,C2,C3

8.  Is it true that iliacus is supplied by the femoral nerve?   True/False C1,C2,C3.

9.Do you agree that iliopsoas is a flexor of the thigh on the trunk at the hip joint?  True/False C1,C2,C3.

10.  Is the surface marking for the femoral artery midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphisis? True/False C1,C2,C3.

11. Does the saphenous branch of the femoral nerve leave the adductor canal by passing between Sartorius and Gracilis? True/False C1,C2,C3.

12. Is the roof (anteromedial wall) of the adductor canal formed by the Sartorius muscle itself? True/False C1,C2,C3.

13.  Does the nerve to vastus medialis pass into the adductor canal? True/False C1,C2,C3.

14. Is the adductor canal sometimes called Hunter's canal? True/False C1,C2,C3.

15.  Is adductor longus a lateral rotator of the thigh at the hip joint? True/False C1,C2,C3.

16. Does the tendon of obturator externus lie against the back of the femoral neck? True/False C1,C2,C3.

17.  Is it true that the obturator nerve supplies articular twigs to both hip and knee joints? True/False C1,C2,C3.

18. Does the obturator nerve arise from the sacral plexus (S2-4)? True/False C1,C2,C3.

19. Does the obturator artery supply most of the blood supply to the adductor musculature? True/False C1,C2,C3.

 20)Is the surface marking for the femoral artery midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphisis? True/False C1,C2,C3.

Certainty based marking in Podiatry

This is a free resource for you to develop your understanding of Anatomy.Whether you are a student,recently qualified or a seasoned practitioner it will make you think about your depth of knowledge and how you can apply it in your practice.

Who are you?,well I am Roger Gregory, Podiatrist specialising in Musculoskeletal diagnosis, previous held positions in Private practice,NHS and as Lecturer of Anatomy,Birmingham School of Podiatry,Member of the Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists,Member of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland.Founder of Palaeopodiatry.

If you would like the answers send me your email and put in the subject line which answers you require e.g. Femoral region, and I will email a word document with the answers and further guidance; requests to: rogerngregory@yahoo.co.uk



Certainty based marking has been established within the University of Central London, and I have adapted this process to specifically help podiatry students develop a deeper understanding of the knowledge they require to become effective specialists within their future careers as musculoskeletal podiatrists

This is a successful innovative teaching system which will help you to:

1).Develop reflective study habits in students, through use of confidence-based marking.
2).Improve the reliability and validity of exam data through the use of confidence-based assessment.
3).Facilitate institutional sharing of formative and summative exercises, in all disciplines.
4).Extend the assessment and practice of numeracy skills with these techniques, in new contexts and at new levels.
5).Encourage the evaluation and adoption of confidence-based marking by software vendors and exam boards.

Certainty based marking (CBM)

Certainty based marking

• After each answer, you indicate your degree of certainty that your answer will be marked as correct.
• This is on a 3-point scale: 1 (low), 2 (mid) or 3 (high)
• We deliberately do not use words like 'sure' or 'very sure' because these mean different things to different people
• The mark scheme and your assessment of the risk will guide your choice of C level: see below.

Why use CBM?

• To make you think about how reliable your answer is
• To encourage you to try to understand the issues, not just to react immediately to a question
• To encourage you to think laterally: other pieces of knowledge may help to validate or question your answer
• To challenge you - if you won't risk losing marks if wrong, then you don't really know the answer.
• If you are a careful thinker, but not very confident, you will gain in confidence
• It is more fair - a thoughtful and confident correct answer deserves more marks than a lucky hunch
• You need to pay attention if you make confident wrong answers - to think, reflect and learn!
• Efficient study requires that you constantly question how your ideas arise, and how reliable they are

How does it work?

• Certainty levels 1, 2, 3 always give you marks 1, 2, or 3 when you are correct
• If you are wrong, then unless you opted for C=1 you will lose marks: -2 at C=2 and -6 at C=3

Degree of Certainty :	C=1 (low)	C=2 (mid)	C=3 (high)	No Reply
Mark if correct :	1	2	3	(0)
Penalty if wrong :	0	- 2	- 6	(0)

When should I use the different certainty levels?

• When you're sure, you obviously do best with C=3 . But you stand to lose 6 (twice the gain), if you are actually wrong!
• If you are very unsure, you can avoid any risk of a penalty by choosing C=1
• In between, you are best to use C=2: you stand to gain just 2 marks if correct, or lose 2 if you are wrong
• People are good at weighing up risks like this, but you will need to think about whether you can justify your answer
• Look at the graph below, and you'll see how your average mark depends on your choice of C level.
• suppose you think you only have a 50% chance of being right: The highest graph for 50% on the bottom scale is black, for C=1. So you will expect to boost your marks on average most by opting for low certainty (C=1).
• if you think you can justify your answer well, with >80% chance of being correct, then the red graph is highest, for C=3. Opt for high certainty.

• Note that you are always best to be honest when indicating your certainty: if you claim high certainty (C=3: red) when you don't think it is justified, you will expect to do badly - with very likely a negative mark on average. If you understand the topic well, and think your answer is, say, 90% likely to be right, then you will lose out if you opt for C=1 rather than C=3. You will do best if you can distinguish which answers are reliable and which uncertain.

Why the name change (12/05), from "Confidence-Based" to "Certainty-Based Marking"?
The word "certainty" seems to carry much less baggage than "confidence". The term "Confidence-based marking""How certain are you that this is right?" or "How confident are you that this is right?", they are equivalent. But "Certainty-Based Marking" has sometimes suggested to people that confident personalities are being rewarded. This is not so. Those who are rewarded are those who can distinguish between reliable and unreliable answers. In the context of is perhaps less open to misinterpretation.